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The Temple of Khnum at Esna Egypt


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Front of the Hypostyle Hall of the Temple of Khnum at Esna. All that remains.

Temple of Khnum at Esna Egypt - Travel up the Nile to the Temple of Khnum the Creator God at Esna

The Temple of Khnum at Esna was built in Greco-Roman times by the Ptolemies. Cleopatra was the last of the Ptolomy Pharaohs. The remains of the Temple of Esna sit in a deep hole that represents the 2000 year accumulation of debris from the local town.

The temple was built on the site of older temples, and was complete with entry pylons and other normal temple rooms.

The temple remains now consist only of the first hypostyle hall of columns. It was dedicated to the ram headed god Khnum.

Sketch of Khnum the ram headed god.

The god Khnum was worshiped at Esna as the Creator. He embodied all things, and was closely associated with the process of conception.

At Elephantine, he was seen as the guardian of the source of the Nile.

Khnum is a good example of a god who meant different things to different peoples along the Nile.

There was no clearly defined pantheon of gods recognized by all Egyptians. The power and scope of responsibilities for the gods varied with the political powers of their followers.

As the creator god, Khnum, sculpted all living things on his potter's wheel. He continued to do this for each human born, making the being and his body duplicate, the Ka.

Each year there was a Festival of the Potters at Esna.

The Temple Hypostyle Hall view from the edge of the excavated pit in which it is located.

The temple at Esna has been excavated out of the midst of the town. It rests in a pit, far below the current level of the surrounding city. You must climb down a long flight of step to reach the entrance.

The reliefs and columns are beautiful, with a strong Western artistic influence.

There are several types of columns used in Egyptian temples. Illustration of some of these are available below.

View of Temple in excavated pit with town beside it at roof level.   Pharaoh presents precious oils in round pots to seated Maat and Sekhmet.
The differing levels between the temple and the town.
  
Pharaoh presents precious oils to Maat and Sekhmet.
Ken walks among the columns at Esna.   Relief of Khnum on column.
Among the columns at Esna.
  
The Creator God Khnum.
Open Lotus Column.   Column detail in Greco Roman style.
Details of open lotus capital.
  
Column detail.
Ptolomaic lotus column.   Column Decorations around base of column.
A type of lotus column used frequently in temples built by the Ptolemies
  
Column base, decoration.
Pharaoh presents an offering to the seated hathor and her son Horus.   Sample of column illustrations (a Hathor column)
Pharaoh presents offering to Hathor and Horus, high on the Temple wall.
   Illustrations of Egyptian column types.

 
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