Map of Egypt - Lower Egypt from Memphis out to sea, Upper Egypt, Memphis to Nubia

Next stop the Middle Kingdom, Egypt becomes rich through trade with Africa and conquest of Nubia.

Backtrack through Egypt's Dynasties
~~~~~~
The Middle Kingdom
2040 BC - 1640 BC

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Dier el Bahri showing the ruins of the mortuary temple of Montuhotep.

The Middle Kingdom 2040 BC - 1640 BC
Before the Hyksos invaded, the Egyptians of the Middle Kingdom were busy conquering Nubia and establishing rich trading relationships with Africa. They had themselves reunited Egypt from the fragmented rule of Normarchs of the powerful city states, called Nomes.

Mentuhotep built a temple in the rock bay at Deir el Bahri. Seven hundred years later Hatshepsut of the New Kingdom built her temple beside it.

The riches of Nubia and Africa made Egypt a tempting target for the Hyksos.

First Intermediary Period (2134 BC - 2040 BC)
Stepping back before the Middle Kingdom, when the dynasty of the ruling Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom became weak, two strong Upper Egypt factions split Egypt, Thebes and Herakleopolis.

The City States or Nomes, continued to govern locally. Each City State had a symbol like those shown here.

symbols of the city states, Nomes, that governed along the Nile.

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Modern Cairo Egyptian Museum at Cairo Mosque of Mohammad Ali Temple of Horus at Edfu Temple of Khnum at Esna Temple of Hathor at Dendera	Temple of Seti I at Abydos Ramesseum of Rameses the Great Hatshepsut's Temple at Deir El Bahri The Pyramids of Giza The Step Pyramid at Saqqara

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Backtrack through Egypt's Dynasties ~~~~~~ The Middle Kingdom 2040 BC - 1640 BC

Backtrack through Egypt's Dynasties
~~~~~~
The Middle Kingdom
2040 BC - 1640 BC