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Interservice Procedures for Instructional Systems Development :
Executive Summary and Model (Continued...)
by Robert K. Branson, Gail T. Rayner and J. Lamarr Cox

If these basic principles and practices are followed, good implementation of the spirit of ISD will occur. Following the specified procedures will not always yield a good solution to a problem without that element of judgment which is the final determiner of what is feasible or not feasible.

Realities of Implementation

The IPISD program does not provide specific procedures for every instructional situation that can be encountered. Some situations are covered only by the general principles underlying the Model. It is expected that local applications of procedures will extend the Model. to cover local requirements.

Finally one of the more difficult problems of all is that IPISD will tend to reveal shortcomings of current practices in local situations. When these shortcomings appear, many people will resist change and will argue against the implementation of alternative procedures. This kind of reaction must be taken into account and planned for in advance. Remember that the current system once was new, but eventually became established and institutionalized. In time, the IPISD procedures also will become institutionalized.

Reducing Costs

Within the model, there are procedures which tend to have much greater implications for the trade-offs of effectiveness, time, efficiency and cost than others. A prime example of a high payoff area is the process of selecting tasks for training. Any task selected for training will continue to accumulate costs for a long period of time. Therefore, it is absolutely essential that a rigorous procedure

continued...

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